"Shastriya Nrityam" is a term that translates to "classical dance" in Sanskrit. It refers to the traditional dance forms of India, which are deeply rooted in ancient texts, cultural traditions, and classical music. Shastriya Nrityam encompasses various styles of Indian classical dance, each with its own distinct techniques, repertoire, and cultural heritage.

The term "Shastriya" emphasizes the classical nature of these dance forms, indicating their adherence to codified rules, principles, and aesthetics laid down in ancient treatises like the Natya Shastra, Abhinaya Darpana, and Sangita Ratnakara. These texts serve as foundational guides for understanding the theoretical aspects of dance, including body movements, hand gestures (mudras), facial expressions (abhinaya), rhythm, and aesthetics.

Shastriya Nrityam encompasses several prominent classical dance forms, including:

1. Bharatanatyam: Originating from Tamil Nadu, Bharatanatyam is characterized by its intricate footwork, graceful movements, and expressive storytelling. It incorporates elements of nritta (pure dance), nritya (expressive dance), and natya (dramatic enactment).

2. Kathak: Kathak originated in northern India and is known for its dynamic footwork, spins (chakkars), and storytelling through mime and expressive gestures. It has both Hindu and Islamic influences, reflecting its historical evolution in the Mughal courts.

3. Odissi: Originating from Odisha, Odissi is characterized by its fluid torso movements, graceful gestures, and sculpturesque poses inspired by temple sculptures. It embodies the devotional and lyrical aspects of Odia culture and often depicts stories from Hindu mythology.

4. Kuchipudi: Kuchipudi hails from Andhra Pradesh and combines dance, drama, and music. It includes both solo and group performances, with dancers portraying a wide range of characters and emotions through expressive movements and storytelling.

5. Mohiniyattam: Mohiniyattam, from Kerala, is known for its gentle, swaying movements, subtle expressions, and lyrical storytelling. It embodies the graceful and feminine aspects of Kerala's cultural heritage and often portrays themes of love and devotion.

6. Manipuri: Manipuri dance, from Manipur, is characterized by its gentle, circular movements, intricate hand gestures, and use of symbolic costumes and props. It reflects the region's rich cultural traditions, incorporating elements of Vaishnavism and Manipuri mythology.

Shastriya Nrityam is not only a form of artistic expression but also a means of spiritual and cultural preservation. It continues to evolve and thrive, with dancers dedicated to preserving the classical traditions while also exploring new avenues of creativity and expression within the framework of classical aesthetics.